0.1、索引
https://blog.waterflow.link/articles/1663688140724
1、简介
单元测试是测试代码、组件和模块的单元函数。单元测试的目的是清除代码中的错误，增加代码的稳定性，在更改代码时提供正确性。单元测试是软件测试的第一级，然后是集成测试和 ui 测试。
2、编写测试代码
首先测试文件的命名必须以_test.go结尾，测试方法必须以Test开头
我们创建一个testexample项目，执行go mod init初始化项目。
然后创建一个uri.go的文件，里面的代码是我摘抄自golang的amqp包中的一段解析ampq url的代码，具体链接

package uriimport ( "errors" "net" "net/url" "strconv" "strings" )var errURIScheme = errors.New("AMQP scheme must be either 'amqp://' or 'amqps://'") var errURIWhitespace = errors.New("URI must not contain whitespace")var schemePorts = map[string]int{ "amqp":5672, "amqps": 5671, }var defaultURI = URI{ Scheme:"amqp", Host:"localhost", Port:5672, Username: "guest", Password: "guest", Vhost:"/", }// URI represents a parsed AMQP URI string. type URI struct { Schemestring Hoststring Portint Username string Password string Vhoststring }// ParseURI attempts to parse the given AMQP URI according to the spec. // See http://www.rabbitmq.com/uri-spec.html. // // Default values for the fields are: // //Scheme: amqp //Host: localhost //Port: 5672 //Username: guest //Password: guest //Vhost: / // func ParseURI(uri string) (URI, error) { builder := defaultURI// 如果链接中有空字符串，返回默认值和错误 if strings.Contains(uri, " ") { return builder, errURIWhitespace }// 解析url为结构体，解析失败返回默认值和错误 u, err := url.Parse(uri) if err != nil { return builder, err }// 根据scheme获取默认端口 defaultPort, okScheme := schemePorts[u.Scheme]if okScheme { builder.Scheme = u.Scheme } else { // 获取不到就返回默认值和错误 return builder, errURIScheme }host := u.Hostname() port := u.Port()if host != "" { builder.Host = host }if port != "" { port32, err := strconv.ParseInt(port, 10, 32) if err != nil { // 解析出来的端口转整型失败，返回最新的URI和错误 return builder, err } builder.Port = int(port32) } else { builder.Port = defaultPort }if u.User != nil { builder.Username = u.User.Username() if password, ok := u.User.Password(); ok { builder.Password = password } }if u.Path != "" { if strings.HasPrefix(u.Path, "/") { if u.Host == "" && strings.HasPrefix(u.Path, "///") { // net/url doesn't handle local context authorities and leaves that up // to the scheme handler.In our case, we translate amqp:/// into the // default host and whatever the vhost should be if len(u.Path) > 3 { builder.Vhost = u.Path[3:] } } else if len(u.Path) > 1 { builder.Vhost = u.Path[1:] } } else { builder.Vhost = u.Path } }return builder, nil }func (uri URI) String() string { authority, err := url.Parse("") if err != nil { return err.Error() }authority.Scheme = uri.Schemeif uri.Username != defaultURI.Username || uri.Password != defaultURI.Password { authority.User = url.User(uri.Username)if uri.Password != defaultURI.Password { authority.User = url.UserPassword(uri.Username, uri.Password) } }authority.Host = net.JoinHostPort(uri.Host, strconv.Itoa(uri.Port))if defaultPort, found := schemePorts[uri.Scheme]; !found || defaultPort != uri.Port { authority.Host = net.JoinHostPort(uri.Host, strconv.Itoa(uri.Port)) } else { // JoinHostPort() automatically add brackets to the host if it's // an IPv6 address. // // If not port is specified, JoinHostPort() return an IP address in the // form of "[::1]:", so we use TrimSuffix() to remove the extra ":". authority.Host = strings.TrimSuffix(net.JoinHostPort(uri.Host, ""), ":") }if uri.Vhost != defaultURI.Vhost { // Make sure net/url does not double escape, e.g. // "%2F" does not become "%252F". authority.Path = uri.Vhost authority.RawPath = url.QueryEscape(uri.Vhost) } else { authority.Path = "/" }return authority.String() }

先不用考虑上面函数的复杂性，我们的目的很简单，就是要测试ParseURI函数。那如何测试呢？首先我们需要创建一个uri_test.go文件，一般和需要测试的uri.go在同一个目录下。其次文件的包名也需要和uri.go 一致。
然后我们就可以编写测试函数了，上面说了测试函数需要以Test开头。
我们先写一个简单的测试函数：

package uriimport ( "testing" )// Test matrix defined on http://www.rabbitmq.com/uri-spec.html type testURI struct { urlstring username string password string hoststring portint vhoststring canonstring }var uriTest = testURI{ url:"amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost", username: "user", password: "pass", host:"host", port:10000, vhost:"vhost", canon:"amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost", }func TestUri(t *testing.T) { u, err := ParseURI(uriTest.url) if err != nil { t.Fatal("Could not parse spec URI: ", uriTest.url, " err: ", err) }if uriTest.username != u.Username { t.Error("For: ", uriTest.url, " usernames do not match. want: ", uriTest.username, " got: ", u.Username) } else { t.Log("For: ", uriTest.url, " usernames match. want: ", uriTest.username, " got: ", u.Username) } }

首先我们看到包名是uri，然后我们定义了一个以Test开头的测试函数TestUri。函数的入参就代表这是一个单元测试。
然后我们定义一个需要测试的url的结构testURI，然后初始化结构体uriTest。其中uriTest.url就是需要传入ParseURI的参数，另外的一些参数就是解析之后希望返回的结果。
可以看到上面有几个方法：

• t.Fatal，测试错误并退出
• t.Error，测试错误会继续往下执行
• t.Log，一般代表测试成功打印日志

3、运行测试代码
然后我们在命令行执行下这个测试函数：

go test -run TestUri PASS okgo-demo/testexample/uri 0.390s

从执行结果我们可以看到测试成功了，但是并没有打印成功的日志。这是因为我们需要加上一个参数，修改如下：

go test -v-run TestUri === RUNTestUri uri_test.go:37: For:amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhostusernames match. want:usergot:user --- PASS: TestUri (0.00s) PASS okgo-demo/testexample/uri 0.120s

可以看到测试成功的日志打印出来了。
-run代表可以指定某个具体的测试函数执行，如果去掉的话也可以，会执行这个目录下所有的测试函数
4、表驱动测试
如果我们想执行一批测试代码，这个时候应该怎么写呢？很简单，我们只需要定义一个切片就行：

package uriimport ( "testing" )// Test matrix defined on http://www.rabbitmq.com/uri-spec.html type testURI struct { urlstring username string password string hoststring portint vhoststring canonstring }var uriTests = []testURI{ { url:"amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost", username: "user", password: "pass", host:"host", port:10000, vhost:"vhost", canon:"amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost", },{ url:"amqp://", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:defaultURI.Host, port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://localhost/", },{ url:"amqp://:@/", username: "", password: "", host:defaultURI.Host, port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://:@localhost/", },{ url:"amqp://user@", username: "user", password: defaultURI.Password, host:defaultURI.Host, port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://user@localhost/", },{ url:"amqp://user:pass@", username: "user", password: "pass", host:defaultURI.Host, port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://user:pass@localhost/", },{ url:"amqp://guest:pass@", username: "guest", password: "pass", host:defaultURI.Host, port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://guest:pass@localhost/", },{ url:"amqp://host", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"host", port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://host/", },{ url:"amqp://:10000", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:defaultURI.Host, port:10000, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://localhost:10000/", },{ url:"amqp:///vhost", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:defaultURI.Host, port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:"vhost", canon:"amqp://localhost/vhost", },{ url:"amqp://host/", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"host", port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://host/", },{ url:"amqp://host/%2F", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"host", port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:"/", canon:"amqp://host/", },{ url:"amqp://host/%2F%2F", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"host", port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:"//", canon:"amqp://host/%2F%2F", },{ url:"amqp://host/%2Fslash%2F", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"host", port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:"/slash/", canon:"amqp://host/%2Fslash%2F", },{ url:"amqp://192.168.1.1:1000/", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"192.168.1.1", port:1000, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://192.168.1.1:1000/", },{ url:"amqp://[::1]", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"::1", port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://[::1]/", },{ url:"amqp://[::1]:1000", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"::1", port:1000, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://[::1]:1000/", },{ url:"amqp://[fe80::1]", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"fe80::1", port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://[fe80::1]/", },{ url:"amqp://[fe80::1]", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"fe80::1", port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://[fe80::1]/", },{ url:"amqp://[fe80::1%25en0]", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"fe80::1%en0", port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://[fe80::1%25en0]/", },{ url:"amqp://[fe80::1]:5671", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"fe80::1", port:5671, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://[fe80::1]:5671/", },{ url:"amqps:///", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:defaultURI.Host, port:schemePorts["amqps"], vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqps://localhost/", },{ url:"amqps://host:1000/", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"host", port:1000, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqps://host:1000/", }, }func TestURISpec(t *testing.T) { for _, test := range uriTests { u, err := ParseURI(test.url) if err != nil { t.Fatal("Could not parse spec URI: ", test.url, " err: ", err) }if test.username != u.Username { t.Error("For: ", test.url, " usernames do not match. want: ", test.username, " got: ", u.Username) }if test.password != u.Password { t.Error("For: ", test.url, " passwords do not match. want: ", test.password, " got: ", u.Password) }if test.host != u.Host { t.Error("For: ", test.url, " hosts do not match. want: ", test.host, " got: ", u.Host) }if test.port != u.Port { t.Error("For: ", test.url, " ports do not match. want: ", test.port, " got: ", u.Port) }if test.vhost != u.Vhost { t.Error("For: ", test.url, " vhosts do not match. want: ", test.vhost, " got: ", u.Vhost) }if test.canon != u.String() { t.Error("For: ", test.url, " canonical string does not match. want: ", test.canon, " got: ", u.String()) } } }

uriTests是我们定义的一个切片，只需要在测试函数中遍历以下即可。
5、测试覆盖率
测试覆盖率是应用程序中代码覆盖率的测量百分比。了解测试覆盖了多少代码很重要。通过这种方式，您可以看到代码的哪些部分您已经测试过，哪些部分我们没有测试过。
Go 的标准库提供了内置的测试覆盖来检查你的代码覆盖率。
我们修改下测试代码如下：

package uriimport ( "testing" )// Test matrix defined on http://www.rabbitmq.com/uri-spec.html type testURI struct { urlstring username string password string hoststring portint vhoststring canonstring }var uriTests = []testURI{ { url:"amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost", username: "user", password: "pass", host:"host", port:10000, vhost:"vhost", canon:"amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost", },{ url:"amqp://", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:defaultURI.Host, port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://localhost/", },{ url:"amqp://:@/", username: "", password: "", host:defaultURI.Host, port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://:@localhost/", },{ url:"amqp://user@", username: "user", password: defaultURI.Password, host:defaultURI.Host, port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://user@localhost/", },{ url:"amqp://user:pass@", username: "user", password: "pass", host:defaultURI.Host, port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://user:pass@localhost/", },{ url:"amqp://guest:pass@", username: "guest", password: "pass", host:defaultURI.Host, port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://guest:pass@localhost/", },{ url:"amqp://host", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"host", port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://host/", },{ url:"amqp://:10000", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:defaultURI.Host, port:10000, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://localhost:10000/", },{ url:"amqp:///vhost", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:defaultURI.Host, port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:"vhost", canon:"amqp://localhost/vhost", },{ url:"amqp://host/", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"host", port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://host/", },{ url:"amqp://host/%2F", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"host", port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:"/", canon:"amqp://host/", },{ url:"amqp://host/%2F%2F", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"host", port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:"//", canon:"amqp://host/%2F%2F", },{ url:"amqp://host/%2Fslash%2F", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"host", port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:"/slash/", canon:"amqp://host/%2Fslash%2F", },{ url:"amqp://192.168.1.1:1000/", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"192.168.1.1", port:1000, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://192.168.1.1:1000/", },{ url:"amqp://[::1]", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"::1", port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://[::1]/", },{ url:"amqp://[::1]:1000", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"::1", port:1000, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://[::1]:1000/", },{ url:"amqp://[fe80::1]", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"fe80::1", port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://[fe80::1]/", },{ url:"amqp://[fe80::1]", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"fe80::1", port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://[fe80::1]/", },{ url:"amqp://[fe80::1%25en0]", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"fe80::1%en0", port:defaultURI.Port, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://[fe80::1%25en0]/", },{ url:"amqp://[fe80::1]:5671", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"fe80::1", port:5671, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqp://[fe80::1]:5671/", },{ url:"amqps:///", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:defaultURI.Host, port:schemePorts["amqps"], vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqps://localhost/", },{ url:"amqps://host:1000/", username: defaultURI.Username, password: defaultURI.Password, host:"host", port:1000, vhost:defaultURI.Vhost, canon:"amqps://host:1000/", }, }func TestURISpec(t *testing.T) { for _, test := range uriTests { u, err := ParseURI(test.url) if err != nil { t.Fatal("Could not parse spec URI: ", test.url, " err: ", err) }if test.username != u.Username { t.Error("For: ", test.url, " usernames do not match. want: ", test.username, " got: ", u.Username) }if test.password != u.Password { t.Error("For: ", test.url, " passwords do not match. want: ", test.password, " got: ", u.Password) }if test.host != u.Host { t.Error("For: ", test.url, " hosts do not match. want: ", test.host, " got: ", u.Host) }if test.port != u.Port { t.Error("For: ", test.url, " ports do not match. want: ", test.port, " got: ", u.Port) }if test.vhost != u.Vhost { t.Error("For: ", test.url, " vhosts do not match. want: ", test.vhost, " got: ", u.Vhost) }if test.canon != u.String() { t.Error("For: ", test.url, " canonical string does not match. want: ", test.canon, " got: ", u.String()) } } }func TestURIUnknownScheme(t *testing.T) { if _, err := ParseURI("http://example.com/"); err == nil { t.Fatal("Expected error when parsing non-amqp scheme") } }func TestURIScheme(t *testing.T) { if _, err := ParseURI("amqp://example.com/"); err != nil { t.Fatalf("Expected to parse amqp scheme, got %v", err) }if _, err := ParseURI("amqps://example.com/"); err != nil { t.Fatalf("Expected to parse amqps scheme, got %v", err) } }func TestURIWhitespace(t *testing.T) { if _, err := ParseURI("amqp://admin:PASSWORD@rabbitmq-service/ -http_port=8080"); err == nil { t.Fatal("Expected to fail if URI contains whitespace") } }func TestURIDefaults(t *testing.T) { url := "amqp://" uri, err := ParseURI(url) if err != nil { t.Fatal("Could not parse") }if uri.String() != "amqp://localhost/" { t.Fatal("Defaults not encoded properly got:", uri.String()) } }func TestURIComplete(t *testing.T) { url := "amqp://bob:dobbs@foo.bar:5678/private" uri, err := ParseURI(url) if err != nil { t.Fatal("Could not parse") }if uri.String() != url { t.Fatal("Defaults not encoded properly want:", url, " got:", uri.String()) } }func TestURIDefaultPortAmqpNotIncluded(t *testing.T) { url := "amqp://foo.bar:5672/" uri, err := ParseURI(url) if err != nil { t.Fatal("Could not parse") }if uri.String() != "amqp://foo.bar/" { t.Fatal("Defaults not encoded properly got:", uri.String()) } }func TestURIDefaultPortAmqp(t *testing.T) { url := "amqp://foo.bar/" uri, err := ParseURI(url) if err != nil { t.Fatal("Could not parse") }if uri.Port != 5672 { t.Fatal("Default port not correct for amqp, got:", uri.Port) } }func TestURIDefaultPortAmqpsNotIncludedInString(t *testing.T) { url := "amqps://foo.bar:5671/" uri, err := ParseURI(url) if err != nil { t.Fatal("Could not parse") }if uri.String() != "amqps://foo.bar/" { t.Fatal("Defaults not encoded properly got:", uri.String()) } else { t.Logf("ParseURI(%s) execute success\n", url) } }func TestURIDefaultPortAmqps(t *testing.T) { url := "amqps://foo.bar/" uri, err := ParseURI(url) if err != nil { t.Fatal("Could not parse") }if uri.Port != 5671 { t.Fatal("Default port not correct for amqps, got:", uri.Port) } }

然后执行：

go test -cover PASS coverage: 88.0% of statements okgo-demo/testexample/uri 0.385s

可以看到测试通过，覆盖率是88%。说明我们还有一些代码分支没有测试到，那我们如何去看这些没有覆盖到的代码分支呢？
很简单，还是go test命令：

go test -coverprofile=cover_out PASS coverage: 88.0% of statements okgo-demo/testexample/uri 0.119s

执行完成后我们可以看到目录中多了cover_out文件

tree . ├── cover_out ├── uri.go └── uri_test.go

我们看下这个文件里能找到没有覆盖到的代码么？

mode: set go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:50.40,54.32 2 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:59.2,60.16 2 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:65.2,67.14 2 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:74.2,77.16 3 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:81.2,81.16 1 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:92.2,92.19 1 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:99.2,99.18 1 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:116.2,116.21 1 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:54.32,56.3 1 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:60.16,62.3 1 0 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:67.14,69.3 1 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:69.8,72.3 1 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:77.16,79.3 1 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:81.16,83.17 2 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:87.3,87.29 1 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:83.17,86.4 1 0 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:88.8,90.3 1 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:92.19,94.44 2 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:94.44,96.4 1 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:99.18,100.37 1 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:100.37,101.56 1 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:101.56,105.24 1 0 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:105.24,107.6 1 0 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:108.10,108.30 1 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:108.30,110.5 1 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:111.9,113.4 1 0 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:119.32,121.16 2 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:125.2,127.80 2 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:135.2,137.86 2 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:148.2,148.35 1 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:157.2,157.27 1 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:121.16,123.3 1 0 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:127.80,130.42 2 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:130.42,132.4 1 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:137.86,139.3 1 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:139.8,146.3 1 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:148.35,153.3 2 1 go-demo/testexample/uri/uri.go:153.8,155.3 1 1

看的我是一脸懵逼，不过别着急我们可以把这个文件转成我们想要的html格式：

go tool cover -html=cover_out -o cover_out.html

看下目录中是不是多了个html

tree . ├── cover_out ├── cover_out.html ├── uri.go └── uri_test.go

我们浏览器打开这个文件，会看到下面这个界面，不要太爽：

文章图片

红色的就是代表我们测试没有覆盖到的。只需要丰富下测试代码，就可以做到100%覆盖了。这部分就由你自己完成吧。
6、基准测试
通过 Benchmarking，您可以衡量代码的性能并查看您对代码所做的更改的影响，从而优化您的源代码。
文件名必须以 Benchmark 前缀作为单元测试文件名约定。(BenchmarkSomething(*testing.B))

package uriimport ( "testing" )// Test matrix defined on http://www.rabbitmq.com/uri-spec.html type testURI struct { urlstring username string password string hoststring portint vhoststring canonstring }var uriTest = testURI{ url:"amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost", username: "user", password: "pass", host:"host", port:10000, vhost:"vhost", canon:"amqp://user:pass@host:10000/vhost", }func BenchmarkUri(b *testing.B) { for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { _, _ = ParseURI(uriTest.url) }}

• 基准函数必须带参数测试。B
• Benchmark 必须运行 N 次testing.B提供（N 是整数类型，从 Go 调整）
• 当提供 -bench 标志时，由“go test”命令执行。
• 该-bench标志以正则表达式的形式接受其参数。

执行命令如下：

go test -bench=. goos: darwin goarch: amd64 pkg: go-demo/testexample/uri cpu: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4770HQ CPU @ 2.20GHz BenchmarkUri-82041880579.2 ns/op PASS okgo-demo/testexample/uri 2.075s

【golang单元测试一（简单函数测试）】基准测试结果意味着基准测试通过。循环运行 2041880 次，每个循环速度为 579.2 纳秒。

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