在查询层面统一时序数据和关系数据可消除数据孤岛

男儿欲遂平生志,六经勤向窗前读。这篇文章主要讲述在查询层面统一时序数据和关系数据可消除数据孤岛相关的知识,希望能为你提供帮助。
时间序列数据库(Time Series Database)是用于存储和管理时间序列数据的专业化数据库,具备写多读少、冷热分明、高并发写入、无事务要求、海量数据持续写入等特点,可以基于时间区间聚合分析和高效检索,广泛应用在物联网、经济金融、环境监控、工业制造、农业生产、硬件和软件系统监控等场景。

根据国际知名网站DB-Engines数据,时序数据库在过去24个月内排名高居榜首,且远高于其他类型的数据库,可见业内对时序数据库的需求迫切。相应的时序数据库产品近年来也快速发展,各大互联网企业包括谷歌、阿里巴巴、亚马逊都推出自己的时序数据库,业界使用较多的时序数据库主要有如下几种:

1、InfluxDB

InfluxDB是一款用Go语言编写的开源分布式时序、事件和指标数据库,无需外部依赖。该数据库现在主要用于存储涉及大量的时间戳数据,如DevOps监控数据,APP metrics,loT传感器数据和实时分析数据。

作为目前开源排名最高的时序数据库,InfluxDB支持数据存储策略(RP)和数据归档(CQ),能够实时查询,数据在写入时被索引后就能够被立即查出,内置HTTP接口,安装管理很简单,并且读写数据非常高效。

2、Kdb+

kdb+/q被官方称为世界上最快的时间序列数据库,它使用统一的数据库处理实时数据和历史数据,同时具备CEP(复杂事件处理)引擎、内存数据库、磁盘数据库等功能。列式存储的特性,使得对于某个列的统计分析操作异常方便。

与一般数据库或大数据平台相比,kdb+/q具有更快的速度和更低的总拥有成本,非常适合海量数据处理,主要被用于海量数据分析、高频交易、人工智能、物联网等领域。在延迟性上有着苛刻要求的金融领域,kdb+有着独特的优势。

3、Prometheus

Prometheus是一套开源的系统监控报警框架,由工作在SoundCloud的Google前员工在2012年创建,作为社区开源项目进行开发,2015年正式发布,并在次年正式加入Cloud Native Computing Foundation。

作为新一代的监控框架,Prometheus具备强大的多维度数据模型,有多种可视化图形界面,使用pull模式采集时间序列数据,可以采用push gateway的方式把时间序列数据推送至Prometheus server端。

4、 Graphite

Graphite是一个开源实时的、显示时间序列度量数据的图形系统。Graphite并不收集度量数据本身,而是像一个数据库,通过其后端接收度量数据,然后以实时方式查询、转换、组合这些度量数据。

Graphite支持内建的Web界面,它允许用户浏览度量数据和图。它由多个后端和前端组件组成。后端组件用于存储数值型的时间序列数据,前端组件则用于获取指标项数据并根据情况渲染图表。

5、TimescaleDB

TimescaleDB是唯一支持完整SQL的开放源代码时间序列数据库,已针对支持全面SQL的快速提取和复杂查询进行了优化。它基于PostgreSQL,并且为时间序列数据提供了最好的NoSQL和Relational世界。

TimescaleDB使开发人员和组织能够更多地利用其功能:分析过去,了解现在和预测未来。在查询层面统一时序数据和关系数据可消除数据孤岛,并使演示和原型更容易实现。可扩展性和完整的SQL接口的结合赋予员工提出数据问题。

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