Android网络编程源码解析Retrofit

不飞则已,一飞冲天;不鸣则已,一鸣惊人。这篇文章主要讲述Android网络编程源码解析Retrofit相关的知识,希望能为你提供帮助。
相关文章
Android网络编程( 一) HTTP协议原理
Android网络编程( 二) HttpClient与HttpURLConnection
Android网络编程( 三) Volley用法全解析
Android网络编程( 四) 从源码解析volley
Android网络编程( 五) OkHttp2.x用法全解析
Android网络编程( 六) OkHttp3用法全解析
Android网络编程( 七) 源码解析OkHttp前篇[请求网络]
Android网络编程( 八) 源码解析OkHttp后篇[复用连接池]
Android网络编程( 九) Retrofit2前篇[基本使用]
Android网络编程( 十) Retrofit2后篇[注解]
前言
最近博客的产出确实很少, 因为博主我正在写一本android进阶书籍, 两头很难兼顾, 但是每个月也得至少发一篇博客。上一篇我们介绍了Retrofit的使用方法, 这一篇我们照例来学习Retrofit的源码。
1.Retrofit的创建过程 当我们使用Retrofit请求网络时, 首先要写请求接口:

public interface IpService { @ GET(" getIpInfo.php?ip= 59.108.54.37" ) Call< IpModel> getIpMsg();

接着我们通过调用如下代码来创建Retrofit:
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder() .baseUrl(url) .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) .build();

Retrofit 是通过建造者模式构建出来的, 接下来查看Builder方法做了什么:
public Builder() { this(Platform.get()); }

很简短, 查看Platform的get方法, 如下所示。
private static final Platform PLATFORM = findPlatform(); static Platform get() { return PLATFORM; } private static Platform findPlatform() { try { Class.forName(" android.os.Build" ); if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT != 0) { return new Android(); } } catch (ClassNotFoundException ignored) { } try { Class.forName(" java.util.Optional" ); return new Java8(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException ignored) { } try { Class.forName(" org.robovm.apple.foundation.NSObject" ); return new ios(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException ignored) { } return new Platform(); }

Platform的get方法最终调用的是findPlatform方法, 根据不同的运行平台来提供不同的线程池。接下来查看build方法, 代码如下所示。
public Retrofit build() { if (baseUrl = = null) {//1 throw new IllegalStateException(" Base URL required." ); } okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory = this.callFactory; //2 if (callFactory = = null) { callFactory = new OkHttpClient(); //3 } Executor callbackExecutor = this.callbackExecutor; if (callbackExecutor = = null) { callbackExecutor = platform.defaultCallbackExecutor(); //4 } List< CallAdapter.Factory> adapterFactories = new ArrayList< > (this.adapterFactories); //5 adapterFactories.add(platform.defaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor)); List< Converter.Factory> converterFactories = new ArrayList< > (this.converterFactories); //6 return new Retrofit(callFactory, baseUrl, converterFactories, adapterFactories, callbackExecutor, validateEagerly); }

从注释1处可以看出baseUrl 是必须指定的。注释2处callFactory默认为this.callFactory, this.callFactory就是我们在构建Retrofit时调用callFactory方法所传进来的, 如下所示。
public Builder callFactory(okhttp3.Call.Factory factory) { this.callFactory = checkNotNull(factory, " factory = = null" ); return this; }

因此, 如果需要对OkHttpClient进行设置, 则可以构建OkHttpClient对象, 然后调用callFactory方法将设置好的OkHttpClient传进去。注释3处, 如果没有设置callFactory则直接创建OkHttpClient。注释4的callbackExecutor用来将回调传递到UI线程。注释5的adapterFactories主要用于存储对Call进行转化的对象, 后面在Call的创建过程会再次提到它。注释6处的converterFactories主要用于存储转化数据对象, 后面也会提及到。此前在例子中调用的addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()), 就是设置返回的数据支持转换为Gson对象。最终会返回配置好的Retrofit类。
2.Call的创建过程 紧接着我们创建Retrofit实例并调用如下代码来生成接口的动态代理对象:
IpService ipService = retrofit.create(IpService.class);

接下来看Retrofit的create方法做了什么, 代码如下所示。
public < T> T create(final Class< T> service) { Utils.validateServiceInterface(service); if (validateEagerly) { eagerlyValidateMethods(service); } return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(service.getClassLoader(), new Class< ?> [] { service }, new InvocationHandler() { private final Platform platform = Platform.get(); @ Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object... args) throws Throwable { // If the method is a method from Object then defer to normal invocation. if (method.getDeclaringClass() = = Object.class) { return method.invoke(this, args); } if (platform.isDefaultMethod(method)) { return platform.invokeDefaultMethod(method, service, proxy, args); } ServiceMethod serviceMethod = loadServiceMethod(method); //1 OkHttpCall okHttpCall = new OkHttpCall< > (serviceMethod, args); return serviceMethod.callAdapter.adapt(okHttpCall); } }); }

可以看到create方法返回了一个Proxy.newProxyInstance动态代理对象, 当我们调用IpService的getIpMsg方法最终会调用InvocationHandler的invoke 方法, 它有3个参数, 第一个是代理对象, 第二个是调用的方法, 第三个是方法的参数。注释1处的loadServiceMethod(method)中的method就是我们定义的getIpMsg方法。接下来查看loadServiceMethod方法里做了什么:
private final Map< Method, ServiceMethod> serviceMethodCache = new LinkedHashMap< > (); ServiceMethod loadServiceMethod(Method method) { ServiceMethod result; synchronized (serviceMethodCache) { result = serviceMethodCache.get(method); if (result = = null) { result = new ServiceMethod.Builder(this, method).build(); serviceMethodCache.put(method, result); } } return result; }

首先会从serviceMethodCache查询传入的方法是否有缓存, 如果有就用缓存的ServiceMethod, 如果没有就创建一个, 并加入serviceMethodCache缓存起来。接下来看ServiceMethod是如何构建的, 代码如下所示。
public ServiceMethod build() { callAdapter = createCallAdapter(); //1 responseType = callAdapter.responseType(); //2 if (responseType = = Response.class || responseType = = okhttp3.Response.class) { throw methodError(" ' " + Utils.getRawType(responseType).getName() + " ' is not a valid response body type. Did you mean ResponseBody?" ); } responseConverter = createResponseConverter(); //3 for (Annotation annotation : methodAnnotations) { parseMethodAnnotation(annotation); //4 } ... int parameterCount = parameterAnnotationsArray.length; parameterHandlers = new ParameterHandler< ?> [parameterCount]; for (int p = 0; p < parameterCount; p+ + ) { Type parameterType = parameterTypes[p]; if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(parameterType)) { throw parameterError(p, " Parameter type must not include a type variable or wildcard: %s" , parameterType); } Annotation[] parameterAnnotations = parameterAnnotationsArray[p]; //5 if (parameterAnnotations = = null) { throw parameterError(p, " No Retrofit annotation found." ); } parameterHandlers[p] = parseParameter(p, parameterType, parameterAnnotations); } ... return new ServiceMethod< > (this); }

注释1处调用了createCallAdapter方法, 它最终会得到我们在构建Retrofit调用build方法时adapterFactories添加的对象的get方法, Retrofit的build方法部分代码:
List< CallAdapter.Factory> adapterFactories = new ArrayList< > (this.adapterFactories); adapterFactories.add(platform.defaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor));

adapterFactories列表默认会添加defaultCallAdapterFactory, defaultCallAdapterFactory指的是ExecutorCallAdapterFactory, ExecutorCallAdapterFactory的get方法如下所示。
public CallAdapter< Call< ?> > get(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) { if (getRawType(returnType) != Call.class) { return null; } final Type responseType = Utils.getCallResponseType(returnType); return new CallAdapter< Call< ?> > () { @ Override public Type responseType() { return responseType; } @ Override public < R> Call< R> adapt(Call< R> call) { return new ExecutorCallbackCall< > (callbackExecutor, call); } }; }

get方法会得到CallAdapter对象, 它的responseType方法会返回数据的真实类型, 比如 Call< IpModel> , 它就会返回IpModel。adapt方法会创建ExecutorCallbackCall, 它会将call的回调转发至UI线程。
接着回到ServiceMethod的 build方法, 注释2处调用CallAdapter的responseType得到的是返回数据的真实类型。
注释3处调用createResponseConverter方法来遍历converterFactories列表中存储的Converter.Factory, 并返回一个合适的Converter用来转换对象。此前我们在构建Retrofit 调用了addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())将GsonConverterFactory( Converter.Factory的子类) 添加到converterFactories列表中, 表示返回的数据支持转换为Json对象。
注释4处遍历parseMethodAnnotation方法来对请求方式( 比如GET、POST) 和请求地址进行解析。注释5处对方法中的参数注解进行解析( 比如@ Query、@ Part) 。最后创建ServiceMethod类并返回。
接下来回过头来查看Retrofit的create方法, 在调用了loadServiceMethod方法后会创建OkHttpCall, OkHttpCall的构造函数只是进行了赋值操作。紧接着调用serviceMethod.callAdapter.adapt(okHttpCall), callAdapter的adapt方法前面讲过, 它会创建ExecutorCallbackCall, ExecutorCallbackCall的部分代码如下所示。
ExecutorCallbackCall(Executor callbackExecutor, Call< T> delegate) { this.callbackExecutor = callbackExecutor; this.delegate = delegate; } @ Override public void enqueue(final Callback< T> callback) { if (callback = = null) throw new NullPointerException(" callback = = null" ); delegate.enqueue(new Callback< T> () {//1 @ Override public void onResponse(Call< T> call, final Response< T> response) { callbackExecutor.execute(new Runnable() { @ Override public void run() { if (delegate.isCanceled()) { callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, new IOException(" Canceled" )); } else { callback.onResponse(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, response); } } }); } @ Override public void onFailure(Call< T> call, final Throwable t) { callbackExecutor.execute(new Runnable() { @ Override public void run() { callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, t); } }); } }); }

可以看出ExecutorCallbackCall是对Call的封装, 它主要添加了通过callbackExecutor将请求回调到UI线程。
当我们得到Call对象后会调用它的enqueue方法, 其实调用的是ExecutorCallbackCall的enqueue方法, 而从注释1处可以看出ExecutorCallbackCall的enqueue方法最终调用的是delegate的enqueue方法。delegate从Retrofit的create方法的代码中我们知道它其实就是OkHttpCall。
3.Call的enqueue方法 接下来我们就来查看OkHttpCall的enqueue方法, 代码如下所示。
public void enqueue(final Callback< T> callback) { if (callback = = null) throw new NullPointerException(" callback = = null" ); okhttp3.Call call; ... call.enqueue(new okhttp3.Callback() {//1 @ Override public void onResponse(okhttp3.Call call, okhttp3.Response rawResponse) throws IOException { Response< T> response; try { response = parseResponse(rawResponse); //2 } catch (Throwable e) { callFailure(e); return; } callSuccess(response); } ... }

注释1处调用了okhttp3.Call的enqueue方法。注释2处调用parseResponse方法:
Response< T> parseResponse(okhttp3.Response rawResponse) throws IOException { ResponseBody rawBody = rawResponse.body(); ... int code = rawResponse.code(); if (code < 200 || code > = 300) { try { ResponseBody bufferedBody = Utils.buffer(rawBody); return Response.error(bufferedBody, rawResponse); } finally { rawBody.close(); } } if (code = = 204 || code = = 205) { return Response.success(null, rawResponse); } ExceptionCatchingRequestBody catchingBody = new ExceptionCatchingRequestBody(rawBody); try { T body = serviceMethod.toResponse(catchingBody); //2 return Response.success(body, rawResponse); } catch (RuntimeException e) { catchingBody.throwIfCaught(); throw e; } }

根据返回的不同的状态码code值来做不同的操作, 如果顺利则会调用注释2处的代码, 接下来看toResponse方法里做了什么:
T toResponse(ResponseBody body) throws IOException { return responseConverter.convert(body); }

这个responseConverter就是此前讲过在ServiceMethod的build方法调用createResponseConverter方法返回的Converter, 在此前的例子中我们传入的是GsonConverterFactory, 因此可以查看GsonConverterFactory的代码, 如下所示。
public final class GsonConverterFactory extends Converter.Factory { ... @ Override public Converter< ResponseBody, ?> responseBodyConverter(Type type, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) { TypeAdapter< ?> adapter = gson.getAdapter(TypeToken.get(type)); return new GsonResponseBodyConverter< > (gson, adapter); } ... }

在GsonConverterFactory 中有一个方法responseBodyConverter, 它最终会创建GsonResponseBodyConverter:
final class GsonResponseBodyConverter< T> implements Converter< ResponseBody, T> { private final Gson gson; private final TypeAdapter< T> adapter; GsonResponseBodyConverter(Gson gson, TypeAdapter< T> adapter) { this.gson = gson; this.adapter = adapter; } @ Override public T convert(ResponseBody value) throws IOException { JsonReader jsonReader = gson.newJsonReader(value.charStream()); try { return adapter.read(jsonReader); } finally { value.close(); } } }

在GsonResponseBodyConverter的convert方法里会将回调的数据转换为Json格式。因此我们也知道了此前调用responseConverter.convert是为了转换为特定的数据格式。
Call的enqueue方法主要做的就是用OKHttp来请求网络并将返回的Response进行数据转换并回调给UI线程。
至此, Retrofit的源码就讲到这里。
欢迎关注我的微信公众号, 第一时间获得博客更新提醒, 以及更多成体系的Android相关技术干货。
扫一扫下方二维码即可关注:


Android网络编程源码解析Retrofit

文章图片
【Android网络编程源码解析Retrofit】

    推荐阅读