Python中使用matplotlib绘制mqtt数据实时图像功能 Python中使用matplotlib绘制mqtt数据

效果图
mqtt发布
mqtt订阅
matplotlib绘制动态图
matplotlib绘制mqtt数据实时图像

效果图

mqtt发布本代码中publish是一个死循环，数据一直往外发送。

import randomimport timefrom paho.mqtt import client as mqtt_clientimport jsonfrom datetime import datetimebroker = 'broker.emqx.io'port = 1883topic = "/python/mqtt/li"client_id = f'python-mqtt-{random.randint(0, 1000)}'# 随机生成客户端iddef connect_mqtt():def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):if rc == 0:print("Connected to MQTT Broker!")else:print("Failed to connect, return code %d\n", rc)client = mqtt_client.Client(client_id)client.on_connect = on_connectclient.connect(broker, port)return clientdef publish(client):while True:time.sleep(0.01)msg = json.dumps({"MAC": "0123456789","samplerate": 12,"sampletime": str(datetime.utcnow().strftime('%Y/%m/%d-%H:%M:%S.%f')[:-3]),"battery": 0.5,"acc": [[random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350)],[random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350)],[random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350)],[random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350)],[random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350)],[random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350)],[random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350)],[random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350)],[random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350)],[random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350)],[random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350)],[random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350)],]})result = client.publish(topic, msg)status = result[0]if status == 0:print(f"Send `{msg}` to topic `{topic}`")else:print(f"Failed to send message to topic {topic}")def run():client = connect_mqtt()client.loop_start()publish(client)if __name__ == '__main__':run()

mqtt订阅

from paho.mqtt import client as mqtt_clientimport timeimport osbroker = 'broker.emqx.io'port = 1883topic = "/python/mqtt/li"def connect_mqtt(client_id):"""MQTT 连接函数。"""def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):"""连接回调函数在客户端连接后被调用，在该函数中可以依据 rc 来判断客户端是否连接成功。"""if rc == 0:print("Connected to MQTT Broker! return code %d" % rc)else:print("Failed to connect, return code %d\n", rc)client = mqtt_client.Client(client_id)# client.username_pw_set('uname', 'upwd')# 链接mqtt所需的用户名和密码，没有可不写client.on_connect = on_connectclient.connect(broker , port)return clientdef subscribe(client: mqtt_client, a_topic):"""订阅消息"""def on_message(client, userdata, msg):"""消息回调函数在客户端从 MQTT Broker 收到消息后被调用，在该函数中我们将打印出订阅的 topic 名称以及接收到的消息内容。* 这里可添加自定义数据处理程序"""print('From topic : %s\n\tmsg : %s' % (msg.topic, msg.payload.decode()))client.subscribe(topic)client.on_message = on_messagedef run(client_id, topic):client = connect_mqtt(client_id)subscribe(client, topic)client.loop_forever()if __name__ == '__main__':run('test_eartag-003-python-li', 'zk100/gw/#')

matplotlib绘制动态图

import matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as npcount = 100# 图中最多数据量ax = list(range(count))# 保存图1数据ay = [0] * 100bx = list(range(count))# 保存图2数据by = [0] * 100num = count# 计数plt.ion()# 开启一个画图的窗口进入交互模式，用于实时更新数据plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (10, 10)# 图像显示大小plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']# 防止中文标签乱码，还有通过导入字体文件的方法plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = Falseplt.rcParams['lines.linewidth'] = 0.5# 设置曲线线条宽度plt.tight_layout()while True:plt.clf()# 清除刷新前的图表，防止数据量过大消耗内存plt.suptitle("总标题", fontsize=30)# 添加总标题，并设置文字大小g1 = np.random.random()# 生成随机数画图# 图表1ax.append(num)# 追加x坐标值ay.append(g1)# 追加y坐标值agraphic = plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)agraphic.set_title('子图表标题1')# 添加子标题agraphic.set_xlabel('x轴', fontsize=10)# 添加轴标签agraphic.set_ylabel('y轴', fontsize=20)plt.plot(ax[-count:], ay[-count:], 'g-')# 等于agraghic.plot(ax,ay,'g-')# 图表2bx.append(num)by.append(g1)bgraghic = plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)bgraghic.set_title('子图表标题2')bgraghic.plot(bx[-count:], by[-count:], 'r^')plt.pause(0.001)# 设置暂停时间，太快图表无法正常显示num = num + 1

【Python中使用matplotlib绘制mqtt数据实时图像功能】
matplotlib绘制mqtt数据实时图像

单线程

先启动mqtt订阅服务
mqtt订阅中有阻塞，更新数据后因订阅服务没有结束，导致绘图程序无法绘图
先启动绘图程序
绘图程序本身也是个循环，拿不到mqtt的实时数据，图像无法更新

两个服务加入协程，也不行。具体原因还不知道，容后补充。
mqtt作为线程启动，可解决上述问题

import jsonimport randomfrom paho.mqtt import client as mqtt_clientimport timeimport datetimefrom math import ceil, floorimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport _thread# 公共变量broker = 'broker.emqx.io'topic = "/python/mqtt/li"port = 1883client_id = f'python-mqtt-li-{random.randint(0, 100)}'show_num = 300x_num = [-1]# 计数acc1 = []acc2 = []acc3 = []acc4 = []acc5 = []acc6 = []stime = []"""mqtt subscribe topic"""def str_microsecond_datetime2int_13timestamp(str_microsecond_datetime):"""将字符串型【毫秒级】格式化时间转为【13位】整型时间戳"""datetime_obj = datetime.datetime.strptime(str_microsecond_datetime, "%Y/%m/%d-%H:%M:%S.%f")obj_stamp = int(time.mktime(datetime_obj.timetuple()) * 1000.0 + datetime_obj.microsecond / 1000.0) / 1000.0return obj_stampdef int2datetime(int_float_timestamp):"""有小数点：分离小数点，整数转为格式化时间，小数点直接跟在后面无小数点：从第10位进行分离，所以本函数只适用于时间戳整数位数大于9且小于11."""if '.' in str(int_float_timestamp):int_float = str(int_float_timestamp).split('.')date = time.localtime(int(int_float[0]))tempDate = time.strftime("%Y/%m/%d-%H:%M:%S", date)secondafter = '.' + str(int_float[1])return str(tempDate) + secondafterdef parse_mqttmsg(msg):"""解析mqt头数据MAC samplerate sampletime battery acc"""content = json.loads(msg.payload.decode())span = 1000 / content['samplerate'] * 10time_span = [ceil(span) / 10 / 1000, floor(span) / 10 / 1000]sampletime = content['sampletime']sampletime_int = str_microsecond_datetime2int_13timestamp(sampletime)acc = content['acc']for i in range(len(acc)):x_num.append(x_num[-1] + 1)acc1.append(acc[i][0])acc2.append(acc[i][1])acc3.append(acc[i][2])acc4.append(acc[i][3])acc5.append(acc[i][4])acc6.append(acc[i][5])if i != 0:sampletime_int += time_span[i % 2]stime.append(int2datetime(round(sampletime_int * 1000, 0) / 1000))else:stime.append(sampletime)print(x_num[-1], stime[-1], acc1[-1], acc2[-1], acc3[-1], acc4[-1], acc5[-1], acc6[-1])def connect_mqtt():def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):if rc == 0:print("Connected to MQTT Broker!")else:print("Failed to connect, return code %d\n", rc)passclient = mqtt_client.Client(client_id)client.on_connect = on_connectclient.connect(broker, port)return clientdef subscribe(client: mqtt_client):def on_message(client, userdata, msg):# print(f"Received `{msg.payload.decode()}` from `{msg.topic}` topic")parse_mqttmsg(msg)client.subscribe(topic)client.on_message = on_messagedef run():client = connect_mqtt()subscribe(client)client.loop_forever()""" draw figures """def draw_figure():plt.ion()# 开启一个画图的窗口进入交互模式，用于实时更新数据plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (10, 10)# 图像显示大小plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']# 防止中文标签乱码，还有通过导入字体文件的方法plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = Falseplt.rcParams['lines.linewidth'] = 0.5# 设置曲线线条宽度count = 0while True:plt.clf()# 清除刷新前的图表，防止数据量过大消耗内存plt.suptitle("总标题", fontsize=30)# 添加总标题，并设置文字大小plt.tight_layout()# 图表1agraphic = plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)agraphic.set_title('子图表标题1')# 添加子标题agraphic.set_xlabel('x轴', fontsize=10)# 添加轴标签agraphic.set_ylabel('y轴', fontsize=20)plt.plot(x_num[1:][-show_num:], acc1[-show_num:], 'g-')try:xtricks = list(range(len(acc1) - show_num, len(acc1), 10))# **1**xlabels = [stime[i] for i in xtricks]# **2**plt.xticks(xtricks, xlabels, rotation=15)except:pass# 图表2bgraghic = plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)bgraghic.set_title('子图表标题2')bgraghic.set_xlabel('x轴', fontsize=10)# 添加轴标签bgraghic.set_ylabel('y轴', fontsize=20)bgraghic.plot(x_num[1:][-show_num:], acc2[-show_num:], 'r^')plt.pause(0.001)# 设置暂停时间，太快图表无法正常显示count = count + 1if __name__ == '__main__':# 多线程_thread.start_new_thread(run, ())draw_figure()

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